Provide examples of experimental and nonexperimental research design. Contrast the levels of control applied to each.

Experimental and nonexperimental research designs are two methods commonly used to explore relationships between variables. Experimental research is a type of quantitative design in which researchers manipulate one or more independent variables while controlling the remaining ones, with the aim of uncovering causal relationships (Johnston, 2020). The manipulation allows researchers to test hypotheses and determine cause-effect correlations between variables. Non-experimental research, on the other hand, is a type of qualitative design which primarily focuses on describing and exploring phenomena without manipulating any variable (Khan & Davidson, 2021). It involves making observations about existing conditions rather than creating new ones as in experimental designs.